WATER SUPPLY
Water supply is the provision of water by public utilities commercial organizations, community endeavors or by individuals, usually via a system of pumps and pipes.
PLUMBING SYSTEM
Plumbing system is treated water is directly into the distribution main out storing.
SOURCE OF WATER SUPPLY
- Rainwater
- Surface water
- Impounding reservoir
- River and streams
- Tanks, ponds and lakes
- Ground water
- Sallow water
- Deep well
- Spring
CHARACTERISTICS OF WATER
- Turbidity
The turbidity is measured by a turbidity rod or by a turbidity meter with optical observations and is expressed as the amount of suspended matter in mg/l or parts per million (ppm).
- Colour
The presence of colour in water is not objectionable from health point of view, but may spoil the colour of the clothes being washed. The standard unit of colour is that which is produced by one milligram of platinum cobalt dissolved in one liter of distilled water.
- Taste and odour
The extent of taste or odour present in a particular sample of water is measured by a term called odour intensity, which is related with the threshold odour or threshold odour number. Water to be tested is therefore gradually diluted with odour free water, and the mixture at which the detection of odour by human observation is just lost, is determined. The number of times the sample is diluted represents the threshold odour number.
- Temperature
For potable water, temperature of about about 10º is desirable. It should not be more than 25ºC.
- Specific Conductivity
The total amount of dissolved salts present in water can be easily estimated by measuring the specific conductivity of water.
WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
Water distribution systems consist of an interconnected series of components. They include:
- pipes
- storage facilities
- components that convey drinking water
SOURCES OF WATER CONTAMINATION
1. Rainwater.
It is usually safe to drink, but rainwater has become increasingly contaminated due to air pollution in various areas of the world.
2. Surface water.
Storm water runoff can pollute rivers, streams and lakes, and much of the contamination comes from agriculture and industry.
3. Groundwater
Water from underground aquifers is usually safe to drink, but over the past few years contamination has increased. Water that is deep underground is more protected from many types of contamination.
TYPES OF COLD WATER SYSTEM
PARTS OF WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
TYPES OF PIPE
· PVC pipes
· CPVC pipes
· Pex pipes
· Copper pipe
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